1.If in a closed traverse, the sum of the north latitudes is more than the sum of the south latitudes and also the sum of west departures is more than the sum of the east departures, the bearing of the closing line is in the

2.The two point problem and three point problem are methods of

3.If the focal length of the object glass is 25 cm and the distance from object glass to the trunnion axis is 15 cm, the additive constant is

4.Subtense bar is an instrument used for

5.If the reduced bearing of a line AB is N60�W and length is 100 m, then the latitude and departure respectively of the line AB will be