ANSWER : Both (II) and (IV) above

Explanation : Because according to the definition of the algorithms it is a set of rules for carrying the calculations either by hand or on a machine, and it is an abstraction of a program to be executed on a machine. It is not a program to execute directly on a computer, moreover it should be program independent, machine independent and must define a generic solution for a given problem.

ANSWER : 39

Explanation : Because of the precedence of operators. The operator ^ (XOR) is having the high precedence when compared with other two operators, followed by & (AND) and | (OR) operators

ANSWER : E1; while(E3) { statements; E2; }

Explanation : Because the equivalent indefinite repetitive control structure (while) for the definite repetitive control structure (for) is option D, others are wrong for(initialization (E1); condition (E3); increment loop invariant (E2)) {statements;} is same as initialization( E1); while(condition(E3)) { statements; increment loop invariant (E2 ) }

ANSWER : fopen(filename, �r�);.

Explanation : fopen(filename, �r�) is valid for opening a read-only ASCII file

ANSWER : P = P+A;.

Explanation : According to integer arithmetic rules for pointers all the operations P = P*A; P = A/P; P = P/Q; P = P*Q; are invalid where as the expression P = P+A; is purely valid.