6.If an ascending gradient of 1 in 50 meets a descending gradient of 1 in 50, the length of summit curve for a stopping sight distance of 80 m will be

7.The transition curve used in the horizontal alignment of highways as per IRC recommendations is

8.If the design speed is V kmph and deviation angle is N radians, then the total length of a valley curve in meters is given by the expression

9.Length of a vehicle affects

10.The value of ruling gradient in plains as per IRC recommendation is