16.In a gusseted base, when the end of the column is machined for complete bearing on the base plate, then the axial load is assumed to be transferred to base plate

17.If the thickness of plate to be connected by a rivet is 16 mm, then suitable size of rivet as per Unwin's formula will be

18.By providing sufficient edge distance, which of the following failures of riveted joint can be avoided ?

19.The slenderness ratio of a column supported throughout its length by a masonry wall is

20.In the cross-section of a weld, throat is the